![]() ![]() We aimed to summarise evidence from January 1988 to August 2019 and perform an updated systematic review and meta-analysis on neurocognitive outcomes of children with TBI. Determining the burden of paediatric TBI on neurocognition using the updated cognitive domains will allow for a better understanding of this vulnerable population and facilitate future research in this area. 6 To date, no systematic review or meta-analysis on TBI neurocognitive changes has used this new classification. 2 Since this publication, the classification of cognitive domains has been updated by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V). 2 5 The most recent meta-analysis reviewed data from 1988 to 2007 and reported that children with moderate to severe TBI had significant impairments in various cognitive domains (intellectual function, processing speed, attention, fluency, inhibition, problem-solving and memory). Published studies exploring the neurocognitive effects of TBI vary in cognitive domains studied, severity of TBI assessed and timeframe for evaluation. 2 3 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention identified poor understanding of the long-term consequences of paediatric TBI as an important gap resulting in inadequate care. 1 Children with moderate to severe TBI experience deficits that persist into adulthood, affecting educational, employment and psychosocial outcomes. Globally, traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects three million children annually and is a leading cause of death and disability. ![]()
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